Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Various kinds of animal venoms and their components have been widely studied for potential therapeutic applications. This study\nevaluatedwhetherNemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom(NnV) has anticancer activity.NnVstrongly induced cytotoxicity ofHepG2\ncells through apoptotic cell death, as demonstrated by alterations of chromatic morphology, activation of procaspase-3, and an\nincrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, NnV inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, PDK1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4EBP1,\nwhereas it enhanced the expression of p-PTEN. Interestingly, NnV also inactivated the negative feedback loops associated with\nAkt activation, as demonstrated by downregulation of Akt at Ser473 and mTOR at Ser2481. The anticancer effect of NnV was\nsignificant in a HepG2 xenograft mouse model, with no obvious toxicity. HepG2 cell death by NnV was inhibited by tetracycline,\nmetalloprotease inhibitor, suggesting that metalloprotease component in NnV is closely related to the anticancer effects. This study\ndemonstrates, for the first time, that NnV exerts highly selective cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells via dual inhibition of the Akt and\nmTOR signaling pathways, but not in normal cells....
It has been reported that water at the interface of a hydrophilic thin film forms an exclusion zone, which has a higher density than\nordinary water. A similar phenomenon was observed for a hydrated hydrophilic ceramic powder, and water turns into a threedimensional\ncell-like structure composed of high density water and low density water. This structured water appears to have a\nstimulative effect on plant growth. This report outlines our study of antioxidant properties of this structured water and its effect on\ncell bioactivities. Culturing media which were prepared utilizing this antioxidant structured water promoted the viability of RAW\n264.7 macrophage cells by up to three times. The same tendency was observed for other cells including IEC-6, C2C12, and 3T3-L1.\nAlso, the cytokine expression of the splenocytes taken from a mouse spleen increased in the same manner.The water also appears\nto suppress the viability of cancer cell,MCF-7. These results strongly suggest that the structured water helps the activities of normal\ncells while suppressing those of malignant cells....
This systematic review was performed to identify the role of photobiomodulation therapy on experimental muscle injury models\nlinked to induce oxidative stress. EMBASE, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched for studies published from January 2006 to\nJanuary 2016 in the areas of laser and oxidative stress. Any animal model using photobiomodulation therapy to modulate\noxidative stress was included in analysis. Eight studies were selected from 68 original articles targeted on laser irradiation and\noxidative stress. Articles were critically assessed by two independent raters with a structured tool for rating the research quality.\nAlthough the small number of studies limits conclusions, the current literature indicates that photobiomodulation therapy can\nbe an effective short-term approach to reduce oxidative stress markers (e.g., thiobarbituric acid-reactive) and to increase\nantioxidant substances (e.g., catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). However, there is a nonuniformity in\nthe terminology used to describe the parameters and dose for low-level laser treatment....
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in tumor biological processes through interacting with specific gene targets. The\ninvolvement of miR-195-5p in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration has been demonstrated in several cancer cell lines, while\nits function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Here we find that miR-195-5p expression is lower in OSCC\nthan in nontumor tissues, while its overexpression in cell lines can lead to the promotion of apoptosis and the reduction of cell\ngrowth, migration, and invasion.Moreover, we identify the tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM14) as a target of miR-195-5p.\nTherefore, we reason that the tumor suppressor role of miR-195-5p in OSCC is dependent on the interaction with TRIM14....
Currently, the neuroprotectant and memory-enhancing agent for menopausal women with metabolic syndrome is required. Based\non the advantages of polyphenolics on numerous changes observed in menopause with metabolic syndrome and the encapsulation\nmethod, we hypothesized that microencapsulated mulberry fruit extract (MME) could protect brain damage and improve memory\nimpairment in an animal model of menopause with metabolic syndrome. To test this hypothesis, MME at doses of 10, 50, and\n250 mg/kg was given to female Wistar rats which were induced experimental menopause with metabolic syndrome by bilateral\novariectomy (OVX) and fed with high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet for 8 weeks. Spatial memory together with neuron\ndensity, oxidative stress status, acetylcholinesterase, and phosphorylation of Erk in the hippocampus was assessed at the end of\nthe study. It was found that MME decreased memory impairment, oxidative stress status, and AChE activity but increased\nneuron density and Erk phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Therefore, the neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects of\nMME might partly involve the enhanced cholinergic function and Erk phosphorylation but decreased oxidative stress status in\nhippocampus. Therefore, MME is the potential novel neuroprotectant and memory-enhancing agent for menopause with\nmetabolic syndrome. However, further research especially clinical trial is still necessary....
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